Basketball Fouls

Fouls
A foul is any illegal contact (that is not allowed in the basketball rules) towards either a defensive or
offensive player. There are many consequences depending on the situation and other factors at the time of the foul. Firstly, this is a list of illegal physical contact that a player is not allowed to commit.
Hitting (of any kind, such as punching, kicking, elbowing, etc).
Holding or pushing
Slapping (that`s not slapping to the face otherwise they would be ejected out of the game or even suspended, it`s usually unintentionally like slapping of the arms)
Illegal pick/screen. When an offensive player touches a defensive player while moving to block his or hers path.
Consequences of Personal Fouls: Most the time the person who was fouled would shoot free throws but here's what really happens besides just that:
- A player who's in the act of shooting and gets fouled is awarded free throws but the number of free throws shots vary. If he shoots from behind the three point line then he's gets three free throws. If he doesn't shot from behind the three point line than he gets two free throws.
Also, if the shot goes in regardless of where the player shoots it and gets fouled in the act, then the shot is counted and he gets one attempt at the free throw line (which is also known as a "and one").
- A player who is fouled and is not in the act of shooting (which is considered a foul on the floor) is only awarded an inbound throw. But there is an exception.
If the other team as a whole commits more than 4 personal fouls in a quarter (this is considering we're talking about the NBA or FIBA) then a foul on the floor ends up in a different situation. The situation is called "One and One" which means the player shoots two free throws only if the first one is successful.
- In most leagues the basketball rules state that if a player gains more than 6 personal fouls in a game, they are not allowed to play.
Blocking- illegal contact when a defensive player who hasn't establish position (meaning he's not stationary) tries to prevent an opponent from driving to the basket.
Charging- an offensive foul when a player with possession of the ball runs over or into a defensive player (who's established position, meaning his feet are planted stationary). No free throws are awarded only a loss in possession for the offensive team.
Intentional Foul- When a player intentionally makes physical contact with another player. This is judged by an official. This type of foul is often used near the end of the game to avoid wasting time for the losing team to score.
Flagrant Foul- a strongly violent foul towards a player (whether it was intentional or not). This results in free throws and then the repossession of the ball for the offensive (the team who shot the free throws).
Technical Foul- this doesn't involve any physical contact and can be committed by a player or coach. This foul has more to do with manners of the game. This includes course language, unsportsmanlike actions or behavior, and or auguring.